An Introduction to MES and Its Importance to the Precision Therapeutics Value Chain
PRECISION THERAPEUTICS AS A NEW CLASS OF BIOLOGICS
Precision therapeutics refers to the new classes of treatments that have been developed to treat diseases with specific characteristics, whether it be genetic defects, immunological deficiencies, or molecular profiles. Examples of precision therapeutics include but are not limited to the following:
- Gene Therapy – the transfer of genetic material (RNA or DNA) into the cells of a patient’s body either through extracted cells to reintroduce or directly using viral vectors or lipid nanoparticles to carry to the disease causing area.
- CAR-T and CAR-NK – Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CAR) is the addition of specific proteins on the surface of native or donor immune cells to create targeted responses to cancer or disease generating cells in a patient’s body.
- Neogenomic Vaccines – specific to an antigen produced in the microbiome of the diseased cells and used to identify and flag these mutated or diseased cells for destruction.
- Viral vector and plasmid production – using CRISPR/Cas9 to create plasmids encoding desired protein antigens, the plasmid can be delivered using viral vectors like AAV or lipids to deliver to cells in-vivo or ex-Vivo.
- CRISPR/Cas9 – CRISPR can be used as a tool to edit the base pairs of genes and CAS9 acts as a genetic scissors to cut genes in a specific region where deletion, disruption and correction are required.
BIOPROCESS DESIGN OF PRECISION THERAPEUTICS
Bioprocess design has become a well-structured and documented methodology for traditional biologics such as monoclonal antibodies. A typical design approach will use standard process templates to perform design of experiments for process characterization and identification of CPPs and CQAs through failure modes and effects strategies. In this design approach, process variability commonly falls within the accuracy tolerance of analytical control methods used to evaluate products – hence the terminology “well characterized” biologics.
With the arrival of novel gene, cell and tissue therapies, a different type of processing is introduced in which the variation in processing outcomes is less “testable”. Multiple process and analytical measurements are real-time used to choose what process path to follow, almost a choose your own story. The QC method becomes part of the process and potency measurements will often involve the same product manipulation techniques as the manufacturing process (cell expansion, infection). For process design, it can seem virtually impossible to repeat the same process more than once and one ends with a multiplicity of related but non-identical processes and QC results. In this situation, we are pushed beyond the traditional “process is the product” paradigm into a new realm where the “data is the product”.
MANUFACTURING WITH DATA INTELLIGENCE
A Manufacturing Execution System, or MES, is a digital solution used in manufacturing or production of life science products that replaces paper-based documentation to digitally execute manufacturing processes and capture a record of the who, what, and when of the entire production process from raw materials to intermediate or finished goods. It is an integral part of any manufacturing operations management (MOM) in the life sciences and a keystone of a digital manufacturing 4.0 plan overall.
Step one is digitalizing and contextualizing your data and process, and MES is the keystone to achieving this. The therapeutics industry also generates massive amounts of data and this needs to be stored and curated in a format that makes it accessible and interrogatable at all levels of the value chain. MES as part of a MOM application suite extends the MES capabilities as a unified platform, to manage the inputs (Schedule, Materials, Assets, Personnel) and the outputs (Product, Intermediates, Samples, Data, and Documentation).
MES as part of a manufacturing operations management application suite can intensely improve the following pain points in manufacturing precision therapeutics:
